Grammar For New TOEIC[假設語氣,助動詞]

假設語氣基本型

使用假設句要注意的是假設的時間，以及使用的動詞

假設句的用法有下面幾種

1
2
3
4
5
6
1.未來的可能假設
2.與現在事實相反的假設
3.與過去事實相反的假設
4.萬一
5.綜合假設
6.省略 if 假設

下面圖表可用在假設語氣上，時態必須往前推一個時態

1
2
3
4
5
           (3)          (2)         (1)
          <－－　      <－－　     <－－
------｜----------｜----------｜----------｜---------->         
    Past 2      Past 1       Now        Future
  (過去完成)   (過去式)    (現在式)    (未來式)

未來的可能假設

1
2
# If 子句(條件句) # 主句(結果句)
If + S + V現在式, S + will/shall/can/may + V原型

未來可能會發生的事，根據上圖表所說，假設時態必須往前推一個時態

也就是條件句如果要表示未來，則用現在式假設

主句中的 will/shall/can/may 為情態助動詞(Modal Auxiliary Verbs)，其他還有

1
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would

結果句和條件句位置可互換，並不一定條件句就要放前面

條件句沒有未來式，要加 will 只有結果句可以加 will

1
2
3
I will stay inside the room if it rains tomorrow (條件句:明天-> 用現在式 rains).
If you want to get good scores, practice more!
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay inside the room.

與現在事實相反

1
2
# If 子句(條件句) # 主句(結果句)
If + S + Ved/were, S + would/should/could/might + V原型

時態往前推一個時態，條件句的動詞用過去式

1
2
3
If Tom had time, he would visit us.
If I were you, I could marry a rich man.
Now I see, That if I [were] truly to be myself I [would] break my family's heart

與過去事實相反

1
2
# If 子句(條件句) # 主句(結果句)
If + S + had + Vpp, S + would/should/could/might + have +Vpp

時態往前推一個時態，過去的前一個時態為過去完成式，條件句的動詞用過去完成式

1
2
If you had studied hard, you could have passed the test.
If he hadn’t jaywalked, the truck might not have hit him.

萬一

1
2
# If 子句(條件句) # 主句(結果句)
If + S + should + V原型, S + would/should/could/might + V原型

不管任何人稱都可以用 should + V原型表示偶然發生的可能

用在當條件句為未來可能發生的事, 且發生機率低

萬一你有經過超市，請買一打雞蛋(後句為祈使句)

1
If you should pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.

簡成省略if的句型:

1
2
Should (萬一)+ S +V原型 +..., S + will/ can /would / could + V原型
Should you pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.

綜合假設

1
2
# If 子句(條件句) # 主句(結果句)
If + S + had + Ved, S + would/should/could/might + V原型

此用法發生在條件句與結果句動作發生的時間不一致

例如我們對過去的事做假設，但結果是現在發生

大部分都是如果之前怎樣，現在就怎樣之類的句型

1
If my uncle had worked hard, he would be a rich man now.

如果我叔叔年輕時有認真工作的話，他現在就會是個有錢人了

1
If he were not a bad guy, he would not have cheated you of your money.

省略 if

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
與現在事實相反
If + S + were, S + would/should/could/might + V原型
=> Were + S,   S + would/should/could/might + V原型


與過去事實相反
If + S + had + Vpp, S + would/should/could/might + have +Vpp
=> Had + S + Vpp,   S + would/should/could/might + have +Vpp


萬一
If + S + should + V原型, S + would/should/could/might + V原型
=> Should + S + V原型,   S + would/should/could/might + V原型

=======

參考

參考-1

參考-2

參考-3

參考-4

單字

1
2
3
4
yacht
strike
invest
know / knew / known